Google Company Analysis
Prepared by Matt Decuir
Historical Financial Analysis
Google is growing at an alarming rate.
As shown in Exhibit 1, Google’s net
income has grown from $100 million in 2002, to $3.077 billion in 2006.
Google’s common size analysis, Exhibit 2,
shows that their net income has fluctuated slightly, but increased overall
from 22.67% of sales in 2002 to 29.02% of sales in 2006.
Also, cost of goods sold has maintained a level of around 40% of sales, while
selling, general, and administrative costs have fluctuated around a level of 26%
of sales. Earnings before interest
and taxes have maintained levels of roughly 33-35% of sales, with the exception
of 2003, which was due to increased SG&A costs.
The common size chart shows that cost of goods sold and selling, general,
and administrative costs fluctuated slightly in 2003 and 2004, but have started
to level off in recent years. Google’s
common base analysis, Exhibit 3, shows
that their sales have grown by 2,412% from 2002 to 2006, while net income has increased
by more than that, at a rate of 3,088% over the five year period.
Breaking growth down by year, Exhibit 4
shows that Google’s sales grew by 233% in 2003, 117% in 2004, 92% in 2005,
and 72% in 2006. This downward trend
in growth is not perfectly correlated with net income growth because of the increases
in economies of scale as Google matures as a company.
Google’s historical balance sheet, as shown in
Exhibit 5,
shows that Google has a tremendous amount of excess cash, represented
by significant balances in short term investments.
Furthermore, Google does not have any short term or long term debt, but their
IPO is reflected by the increase in capital surplus in 2004.
Furthermore, Google’s capital surplus continued to increase as the share
price increased along with the number of shares outstanding.
Also, because Google is a service-oriented company, there is no inventory
on hand. Google’s ratio analysis,
Exhibit 6,
shows that their sales per day have increased from 1.20 in 2002 to 29.05 in 2006.
Google has had over 100 days of cash on hand in three of the past five years,
which does not include short-term investments.
This means that Google has more money than they know what to do with, which
accounts for many of the significant acquisitions recently made.
Exhibit 7 shows that Google’s
gross profit margin has fluctuated in the past five years, but it has increased
in each of the past three years, to 60.2% in 2006.
In addition, Google’s return on equity shows a similar trend, increasing
in the past three years after a steep decline in the first two.
Overall, Google has posted outstanding growth figures in the past five years.